Updates on Diagnosis, Clinical Presentation, and Management of Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid (OCP): A Systematic Review

Hyder Osman Mirghani; Aedah Alqrid; Hadeel Albalawi; Saud  Alshabab; Dana Aljezany; Hamdan Alghamdi; Khalid Aljohani; Mohammed Almousa; Ali Alshehri; Zeyad  Alahmri; Sara Alsaidalani; Abdullah Alshahrani; Salman Alshamrani

doi:10.54293/smhj.v4i2.106

Authors

Hyder Osman Mirghani Prof. of Internal Medicine and Endocrine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, KSA. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5817-6194
Aedah Alqrid Medical intern, Faculty of Medicine in Tabuk University, Tabuk, KSA.
Hadeel Albalawi Student, Faculty of Medicine in Tabuk University, Tabuk, KSA.
Saud Alshabab College of medicine, king khalid university, Abha, KSA. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7087-253X
Dana Aljezany Student, Faculty of Medicine in Tabuk University, Tabuk, KSA.
Hamdan Alghamdi Student, Faculty of Medicine in Tabuk University, Tabuk, KSA.
Khalid Aljohani Student, Faculty of Medicine in Tabuk University, Tabuk, KSA.
Mohammed Almousa College of medicine, king khalid university, Abha, KSA. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7460-5923
Ali Alshehri College of medicine, king khalid university, Abha, KSA.
Zeyad Alahmri College of pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6439-5350
Sara Alsaidalani Student, Faculty of Medicine in king Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, KSA. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2567-1501
Abdullah Alshahrani College of medicine, king khalid university, Abha, KSA.
Salman Alshamrani Student, Faculty of Medicine in Tabuk University, Tabuk, KSA.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54293/smhj.v4i2.106

Keywords:

Keywords: Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid; Diagnosis; Management; Systematic review.

Abstract

This study systematically searched literature on the diagnosis, clinical presentation, and management of ocular chronic pain (OCP), including eight studies with 168 patients. The most reliable method of diagnosis was biopsy, with inflammatory markers detected in a small proportion of patients. Some patients had systemic or oral involvement and associated Sjogren's syndrome. Common immune-suppressives were MFF and steroids. Cyclophosphamide is a good choice in severe cases. Methotrexate and Rituximab were used as a maintenance therapy. OCP is characterized by ocular involvement that progresses to fibrosis and scarring. Diagnostic hurdles and inconclusive results make a comprehensive examination and clinical suspicion crucial.