The  hematological changes in COVID-19 patients; its relations to outcome in a retrospective study in Makkah city:  Hematological changes in COVID-19 patients and their outcome

Amal Z. moustafa; Mohammed S. Aldosari; Hamid  Mawlawi; Talat  AL-Bukhari; Helalah  Reda; Muneera  Albuloshi; Yasser  Hammadallah; Amin  Alharbi; Younis A. Allohibi; Fozyah  Alzahrani; Asim  A. Khogeer; Hind  Al-Kulaity; Hani   Beheiry

doi:10.54293/smhj.v2i2.27

Authors

Amal Z. moustafa Clinical pathology department, faculty of medicine, Ain shams university, Cairo, Egypt. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6685-6408
Mohammed S. Aldosari Department of Clinical Pathology, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-0402
Hamid Mawlawi Department of Clinical Pathology, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2886-1617
Talat AL-Bukhari Hematology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Saudi Arabia.
Helalah Reda Department of Clinical Pathology, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Muneera Albuloshi Department of Clinical Pathology, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-5276
Yasser Hammadallah Department of Clinical Pathology, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Amin Alharbi Department of Clinical Pathology, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6132-4146
Younis A. Allohibi Hematology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Saudi Arabia.
Fozyah Alzahrani Department of Clinical Pathology, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0638-2762
Asim A. Khogeer Plan and research department ,ministry of Health, Makkah region, Saudi Arabia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6508-7747
Hind Al-Kulaity Internal medicine Department, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Hani Beheiry Internal medicine Department, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0534-684X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54293/smhj.v2i2.27

Keywords:

Covid-19, lymphopenia, neutropenia, monocytopenia, Makkah city

Abstract

Purpose: To detect the frequency of hematological changes in Covid-19 patients at king Abdul Aziz hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; to compare the outcome of patients with or without hematological changes.

Methods: This retrospective study included 537 patients. They were 0.6% asymptomatic, 22.9% mild to moderate, 31.1% severe, and 45.4% critical. According to the hematological results, patients were divided into normal, high, and low groups.

Results: Anemia was found in 50.9%, 26%, 21.4%, and 1.7% of critical, mild to moderate, severe, and asymptomatic cases, respectively. Polycythemia was detected in 16.7% and 83.3% of mild to moderate and critical cases, respectively. Thrombocytopenia was found in 44.4%, 30%, 25.6% of critical, mild to moderate and severe cases, respectively. Neutropenia was found in 40.9%, 36.4%, and 22.7% of critical, mild to moderate and severe cases. Neutrophilia was found in 58.2%, 24.1%, and 17.7% of critical, severe, and mild to moderate cases. Lymphopenia was found in 51%, 29.3%, 19.4%, and .3%. of critical, severe, mild to moderate and asymptomatic patients. Monocytopenia was found in 55%, 30%, and 15% of critical, severe, and mild to moderate cases, respectively. Monocytosis was found in 59.3%, 25.4%, and 15.3% of critical, mild to moderate, and severe cases. The risk of death was 15.2, 2.4, 2.6, 1.9, 2.9, 2.1, 2.1 times higher in those with polycythemia, neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphopenia, monocytopenia, diabetes, and age over 65, respectively.

Conclusion: Neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphopenia, monocytopenia, and polycythemia, diabetic patients, and age over 65 are independent predictors for death.